PLASMID
A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is separate from the chromosomal DNA in a cell. They are found in bacteria and other microorganisms and can also be present in some eukaryotic cells. Here are some key points to note about plasmids. Plasmids are self-replicating, meaning they can make copies of themselves without being part of the chromosome. Plasmids can carry genetic information that confers specific traits or functions to the host cell, such as antibiotic resistance, biosynthesis of enzymes or toxins, or the ability to degrade certain compounds. Plasmids can be transferred between cells via horizontal gene transfer mechanisms such as conjugation, transduction, or transformation. Plasmids can be used in biotechnology for a variety of applications such as gene therapy, genetic engineering, and bioremediation. Plasmids are often used as vectors in molecular cloning experiments, allowing researchers to insert a specific gene of interest into the pla...